Lightweight Insulating Castable Refractory

The Lightweight Castable Refractory is a castable unshaped refractory material prepared by adding water or a solution containing a binder during construction by using light refractory aggregate, refractory powder, binder and admixture. It is generally used as a thermal insulation lining for thermal equipment to reduce energy consumption by heat preservation. Therefore, it is also called Lightweight Insulating Castable Refractory.

light Weight Insulating Castable
Lightweight Insulating Castable Refractory

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    Lightweight Insulating Castable Refractories Features

    Lightweight Insulating Castable Refractories have good thermal insulation properties due to their small bulk density and low thermal conductivity. At the same time, lightweight insulation refractory castables have other unique features for thermal insulation lining of various thermal equipment, and some lightweight castables can also be used directly for work lining.

    • Feature 1: Light weight, high compressive strength, acid and acid gas corrosion.
    • Feature 2: heat insulation, heat preservation, low water absorption
    • Feature 3: Simple construction, it is the most ideal product for the construction of alkali corrosion resistant parts under high temperature.
    • Feature 4: Good workability, strong adhesion, long initial setting time and long operation time, strong strength growth, strong impermeability, no need for acid treatment, easy to ensure the dense and fullness of masonry gray joints, can significantly improve The airtightness and integrity of the lining wall of the chimney and the corrosion resistance of the lining are ideal cementing materials for high chimneys, high temperature flue and duct lining, and can also be used for acid resistant pools in petroleum, chemical, nonferrous metallurgy and other industries. Acid resistant engineering such as tanks.
    Lightweight Insulating Refractory Castable
    Lightweight Insulating Refractory Castable

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      Lightweight Insulating Castable Refractory can be classified according to the use temperature:

      • Low temperature lightweight refractory castable with a temperature of 600-900°C;
      • Medium temperature lightweight refractory castable with a temperature of 900-1200°C;
      • High temperature lightweight refractory castable, use temperature greater than 1200°C.

      This kind of lightweight insulation castable has the properties of lightweight, good performance of insulation, and low thermal conductivity.

      Rongsheng Unshaped Refractory Materials Production Line
      Rongsheng Unshaped Refractory Materials Production Line

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        Rongsheng Lightweight Insulating Castable Refractory Manufacturer

        The refractory castable production line of Rongsheng Refractory Manufacturer has been fully put into operation. The daily production capacity is 150 tons. In addition to the visible production strength, Rongsheng’s technical strength cannot be underestimated. Rongsheng’s technical team will consolidate the customized castable refractory lining according to the working conditions of the customer’s thermal equipment to improve the use of refractory materials, extend the life of the lining of the kiln, and greatly save costs and energy consumption.

        If you are in need of refractory castables, such as Lightweight Insulating Castable Refractory, please contact us and we will provide you with more choices, lower prices, and faster delivery!

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          Insulating Castale Refractory

          Refractory Castables with a true porosity not less than 45% are called insulating castale refractory. Insulating castale refractories are composed of refractory lightweight aggregates and powders, binders or admixtures. Insulation refractory castables are classified into light aggregate refractory castables, foam refractory castables and aerated refractory castables.

          light Weight Insulating Castable
          light Weight Insulating Castable

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            Insulating Castale Composition

            The aggregate of the insulating refractory castable is divided into: coarse aggregate, particle size 10~3mm, loose bulk density less than 1.0g/cm3; fine aggregate, particle size less than 3mm, loose bulk density less than 1.2g/cm3.

            Lightweight aggregates mainly include expanded perlite, ceramsite, porous clinker, floating beads, pumice vermiculite, and alumina hollow spheres.

            The foam refractory castable consists of refractory lightweight aggregate, binder and foaming agent. The foaming agent is used most in rosin soap.

            The gas-filling agent in the aerated refractory castable is produced by reacting certain metal powder with acid to form hydrogen, or dolomite, periclase and gypsum (as a stabilizer) with sulfuric acid, or by generating acetylene reaction with calcium carbonate and water. The gas is such that the cast body is a porous lightweight body.

            The insulating castale refractories isolate the heat transfer and is generally used in the tundish part of the kiln to save energy. Rongsheng insulating refractory castables refractory manufacturer, produces and sells a variety of unshaped refractory materials, welcome to quote the price and learn more about the insulating castale composition of insulating castale refractory.

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              Castable Refractory Cement Manufacturer

              The raw materials of high-quality bauxite and high-quality lime are mixed in a certain proportion; after sintered, the clinker with aluminate as the main component is obtained; the clinker is further ground into fine powder; Finally, a fire-resistant hydraulic cementitious material called Castable Refractory Cement is produced. Refractory Cement has a refractoriness of not less than 1580°C. According to the composition, it can be divided into alumina refractory cement, low calcium aluminate refractory cement, calcium magnesium aluminate cement and dolomite refractory cement.

              High Alumina Castable Refractory Cement
              High Alumina Castable Refractory Cement

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                Use of Refractory Cement

                Refractory cement is also be called furnace cement. Refractory cement can be used to bond various refractory aggregates (such as corundum, calcined high alumina bauxite, etc.) into refractory mortar or concrete for lining of cement rotary kiln and other industrial furnaces.

                Precautions after Construction of Refractory Cements Lining

                After the refractory cement lining is completed, an boiler-drying is required to evaporate excess water. Avoid the explosion of the boiler when start-up operation, and extend the service life of the refractory lining.

                When the refractory cement lining is on baking, it should be slowly heated to avoid excessive temperature rise to prevent local bursting. When it comes to cooling of the refractory cement lining, it should also be slow, and avoid forced ventilation.

                Castable Refractory Cement Manufacturer

                Rongsheng Castable Refracory Cement Manufacturer has experienced more than 10 years in the refractory industry and currently has a refractory brick production plant and a castable production plant, and a separate office. RS unshaped refractory production line has been put into production, fully automatic, efficient production process, to provide you with high quality refractory cement and other castable products. To get Castable Refractory Cement Price, please contact our sales manager, Make a free quote.

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                  The Application of Corundum Castable

                  Corundum castable is made from corundum aggregate, fines, binders and additives. Corundum castable has the advantages of high mechanical strength, excellent abrasion resistance, high refractoriness, good slag corrosion resistance, low creep rate and so on. Al2O3 content in corundum castable is above 90%. Raw materials used for corundum castable production are: tabular corundum, white corundum, brown corundum and so on. Composite corundum castable such as chrome corundum castable, application of corundum castable, zirconia corundum castable are widely used in different industrial furnaces areas.

                  Application of Corundum Castable
                  Application of Corundum Castable

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                    Corundum castable used in heating furnace tapping spout are composed of fused corundum( brown corundum or sub-white corundum) aggregate, fused corundum powder, a-Al2O3 micro powder, SiO2 micro powder, Cr2O3 micro powder( or zircon micro powder) and high purity calcium aluminate cement.

                    Application of Corundum Castable

                    Corundum refractory castable  is widely used in steel ladle working lining, sliding nozzle valve, tapping nozzle, electric arc furnace cover triangle zone and so on. Besides, corundum castable are also used in places where need good abrasion resistance, for example, rotary kiln, coal injection tube, circulating fluidized bed boiler, RH furnace immersion tube outer lining, petrochemical industry high temperature catalytic cracking reactor working lining, etc.

                    Sometimes, black silicon carbide is added into corundum castable raw materials, so the wearing resistance is greatly improved, it is very suitable for CFB boilers.

                    Corundum Castable Physiochemical Index

                    ItemCorundum castableHigh alumina castable
                    ModelGYJ-90GLJ-80
                    Refractoriness / ℃18101790
                    Bulk Density / g/cm3 ≥2.852.85
                    Al2O3  % ≥9080
                    Thermal shock resistance (1100℃) /times ≥8070
                    Alkali resistance >21
                    110℃ Wear resistance ,≤66
                    Modulus of rupture, (110℃, 3h) Mpa ≥1310
                    Crushing Strength (110℃, 3h) Mpa ≥110100

                    Corundum Castable Manufacturer Supplier

                    RS Group Kiln Refractory Bricks is the manufacturer & supplier of corundum castable. Our corundum castable is with high quality and competitive price. Contact RS Group for more details.

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                      RS Group GIFA 2019 Exhibition Time

                      After intense preparations, RS Group’s exhibition staff arrived at GIFA 2019. We are ready to show the world the advantages of RS refractory products and our production technology. The following is the RS Group GIFA 2019 Exhibition Time.

                      RS Group exhibition site uses the Chinese red witch is the characteristics of Chinese. Our refractory bricks models and RS products brochures are on display. Welcome the you from all over the world to get a glance of RS refractory products.

                      RS Group Exhibition Booth
                      RS Group Exhibition Booth

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                        At our exhibition, Rongsheng Group will welcome visitors with the fullest enthusiasm. Our products, such as firebricks, unshaped refractories, graphite electrodes, insulating refractories and so on are with competitive. Our service, contains the customization, refractory products cn be designed for the special working conditions. Our technology, with refractory projects design, construction and maintenance, etc.

                        In 25th, yestory, at RS Group booths, there have been many visitors. Under the guidance of our booth staff, the visitors learned more about RS Group’s refractory products and then took photos with them. We look forward to the more visitors in the next following days!

                        RS Group Visitors at GIFA 2019
                        RS Group Visitors at GIFA 2019

                        If you are attending or want to attend GIFA 2019 in Exhibition center in Dusseldorf, Germany. Don’t miss us, RS Group, Booth No.: Hall 4 – C39. Date: June25 ~ 29, 2019.

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                          Noranda Furnace Refractory

                          Noranda furnace is formerly called Noranda reactor, it is horizontal cylindrical bath smelting furnace. Copper concentrate ore, copper containing material, flux and fuel are proportionally mixed and loaded into furnace by thrower. Oxygen rich air are blasted into furnace from tuyere, which makes the molten bath in a stirring state, raw material can have desulfurization reaction and slag making reaction, and produce matte with about 70% copper content.

                          Noranda furnace has strong adaptation to raw material, large capacity and high efficiency, flue gas SO2 concentration is high and can meet the requirement of sulfate acid making. It is also self heating smelting furnace, with low energy consumption. Noranda furnace copper smelting belongs to oxygen-rich bath smelting. It can realize drying, sintering, smelting and blowing smelting slag making at the same time, with high smelting intensity, intense bath agitating. To ensure the smooth going of smelting process and the service life of furnace, furnace lining refractory should have very high performance.

                          The most vulnerable parts of Noranda furnace are tuyere, furnace mouth, material loading-end combustor and furnace cylinder top corresponded to slag discharging end combustor, sediment zone slag line upper and lower part wall and slag-end wall. 

                          At tuyere zone, large amount of oxygen enriched air enters into furnace, accompanied with fierce agitating and spraying, chemical reaction is intense, corrosion is severe, meanwhile, furnace temperature will fluctuate frequently and cause thermal shock, mechanical abrasion is also happened when poking tuyere. So the working atmosphere is very harsh, damage speed is quick. It directly determined the service life of Noranda furnace. Furnace mouth would suffer high temperature smoke current scouring, mechanical impaction during cleaning slag, is also easy to be damaged.
                          Sediment zone slag line upper and lower cylindrical wall and slag-end wall are exposed in high temperature, and as slag layer will frequently change position during slag discharging and copper discharging, this part will suffer severe erosion and high temperature current scouring, is also vulnerable.

                          Material loading end wall and loading mouth. As material is water containing, cold air will also enter furnace from loading mouth, the furnace lining of material loading mouth will deform and form bump.

                          Feeding end combustor and slag discharging end combustor surrounding furnace top lining mainly suffer the direct scouring of flame, local thermal load is overlarge and with the coaction of large amount cold air, thermal shock is very severe.

                          According to the production condition of Noranda furnace, refractory materials used in it should have high purity, good slag corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, good scouring resistance, abrasion resistance, good thermal stability. Earlier, furnace lining where suffers severe damage is mainly built by fused cast magnesia chrome bricks, other parts are built by direct bonded magnesia chrome bricks. The quantity of fused cast magnesia chrome bricks accounts for 30%~40% of the total firebricks consumption. With the improvement of furnace design, the damage degree of the damage tending parts is greatly reduced, along with the enhancement of firebrick quality, now fused grain rebonded magnesia chrome bricks have replaced fused cast magnesia chrome bricks. Although fused cast bricks have good abrasion resistance, erosion resistance and mechanical scouring resistance, their thermal shock resistance is poor and it is also expensive. The rest parts still use direct bonded magnesia chrome bricks.

                          ItemDirect bonded magnesia chrome brickFused grain rebonded magnesia chrome brickFused cast magnesia chrome bricks
                          MgO %60.85956.5
                          Cr2O3 %18.22020
                          Fe2O3 %10.410.510.5
                          Al2O3 %8.17.38
                          CaO %0.70.90.5
                          SiO2 %1.62.12.5
                          Refractoriness under load ℃>1700>1700>1700
                          Apparent porosity %17.613.312
                          Cold crushing strength Mpa≥3191/
                          Bulk density g/cm3 >3.103.253.17
                          Cold modulus of rupture Mpa5.016/

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                            Copper Smelting Flash Furnace Refractory

                            Flash smelting is one of the most advanced copper ore smelting technique. During flash smelting, dry sulfurized fine ore powder, flux, oxygen or oxygen rich air or preheated air are injected into high temperature reaction tower hearth, the ore powder quickly realizes desulfurization, smelting, slag forming and so on. The molten metal enters into sediment bath for further slag making, and the concentrated metal can separate with slag. Flashing smelting furnace is self heating equipment, the heat is generated from sulfur oxidization in concentrate ore. This copper smelting technique combines roasting smelting and some blowing smelting together, has very high smelting intensity.

                            The reaction in flash furnace features intense and fast reaction speed, large thermal release intensity and complex furnace atmosphere, so the requirement on furnace lining refracotries is very high. Flash furnaces can be divided into Outokumpu flash furnace and Inco flash furnace. They are both composed of cylindrical reaction tower, sediment bath and cylindrical flue.

                            Reaction tower

                            Reaction tower is the most important part of flash furnace, air flow containing concentrate ore powder is injected into tower from the top, the chemical reaction of ore powder is carried out in a transient and melts into molten flow, which enters into sediment bath with high speed. Thus, tower lining would suffer severe scouring, erosion and abrasion caused by air current and high temperature high speed molten metal. The inner lining of reaction tower usually adopts magnesia chrome bricks, the steel shell of reaction tower are cooled by spraying cold water. At upper part of reaction tower, temperature is about 900~1100℃, oxygen partial pressure is high, so Fe3O4 protection layer is formed at tower wall, so direct bonded magnesia chrome bricks can be used here. At middle and lower part of reaction tower, the temperature is relatively high, about 1350~1550℃, and this part should endure the scouring, erosion and abrasion of molten metal. So fused cast magnesia chrome bricks are used as lining bricks, and water cooling jacket is installed at this part. Tower top are built by sintered magnesia chrome bricks.

                            Sediment bath

                            Sediment bath is rectangular molten bath, with 2.5~5m height, 3~10m length. The function of sediment bath is to further finish slag making reaction and separate molten metal. The working environment of sediment bath refractory is also very harsh, the end wall and side wall of sediment bath also suffers the scouring and erosion of high speed high temperature air current and molten metal. Especially slag line zone furnace wall, which would be scoured by continuously  waving molten metal, and is the most quickly damaged part. So slag line magnesia chrome refractories should have good sulfur permeation resistance and slag erosion resistance. Sediment bath bottom should not only bear load but also endure high temperature and chemical corrosion, so rebounded magnesia chrome bricks can be used here.

                            Smoke flue

                            Smoke flue mainly suffers high temperature smoke current (containing molten slag and dust) scouring and erosion, so direct bonded magnesia chrome bricks are usually used.

                            ItemFused cast magnesia chrome brickDirect bonded magnesia chrome brickFused rebonded magnesia chrome brickSynthesized magnesia chrome bricksMagnesia chrome castable.
                            MgO % ≥5470666545
                            Cr2O3 % ≥2012161620
                            SiO2 % <2.91.32.01.24.5
                            Refractoriness under load ℃>1700>1700>1700>1700>1650
                            Apparent porosity %<13<16<15<15/
                            Crushing strength Mpa≥8055665525
                            Bulk density g/cm3 >3.353.103.33.252.85
                            ApplicationSediment bath slag lineSediment bath crown, ascending flue topSediment bath side wall, reaction tower top, triangle zone, ascending flue side wallReaction tower wallH shape beam water cooling  component surrounding

                            For some parts, where has complicated structure or difficult for the masonry of firebricks, high quality magnesia chrome castable is usually used.

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                              Cement Industry Refractories

                              Rotary Cement Kiln Refractories

                              Based on the working condition of rotary cement kiln components, corresponding refractory materials should be chosen to meet the production requirement and obtain ideal cost performance.

                              1. Unloading port and unloading belt: Unloading belt usually adopts 70-80% high-alumina brick, thermal shock resistant high alumina brick, spinel brick, chrome-brick. For discharge port, high alumina brick and corundum heat resistant concrete are usually used, sometimes, silicon carbide brick or castable is also a good choice.
                              2. Sintering zone: Magnesia chrome brick, sodium polyphosphate bonded magnesia brick, alkali resistant brick and directly bonded magnesia chrome brick are often used at sintering zone. Although magnesia iron spinel brick has better kiln coating adhesion effect, it’s price is too high, so low chrome periclase spinel brick are popularly used at this part.
                              3. Transition zone: Corundum brick, 50-80% high alumina brick, direct bonded magnesia brick, ordinary magnesia chrome brick and spinel brick.
                              4. Cooling zone: magnesia chrome brick, high alumina brick, phosphate bonded high alumina brick, magnesia alumina spinel brick, etc.
                              5. Decomposition zone: Clay bricks and high alumina bricks are used at the part adjacent to preheating zone. 50-60% high-alumina bricks, ordinary magnesia chrome bricks or spinel bricks are used at high abrasion and high temperature zone that connects transition zone.
                              6. Pre-heating zone: alkali resistant insulating clay bricks.
                              7. Preheater system: alkali resistant brick and insulating brick.
                              8. Cooling machine system: refractory brick, lightweight castable, insulation material. Material loading part and high temperature zone can adopt general application magnesia chrome bricks, high-alumina bricks and clay bricks can be used for the medium and low temperature areas.

                              Main Refractories Physiochemical Index

                              ItemAnti spalling high alumina brickPericlase spinel bricksSilicon carbide mullite bricksMagnesia alumina spinel bricksMagnesia iron spinel bricksDirect bonded magnesia chrome bricks
                              A1203≥706~9≥631-144-6/
                              MgO/≥78/82-8187-92≥80
                              Fe2O3///0.83-5/
                              Cr2O3/2-4///8
                              Refractoriness (℃)1780/≥1790///
                              0.2MPa RUL≥1470≥1700≥1600≥1700≥1700≥1650
                              CCS (MPa)≥45≥50≥90≥6350≥45
                              Bulk density (g/cm3)2.5-2.6≥3≥2.62.85-3.02.85-3.0≥2.9
                              Thermal conductivity W/(m·k)1.4/2.52.82.6/

                              New Type Dry Rotary Cement Kiln Refractories

                              1. Preheater mechanical chained pipe: ordinary alkali resistant brick, alkali resistant castable.
                              2. Decomposition furnace: anti-stripping high alumina brick, high alumina castable, alkali resistant brick, alkali resistant castable.

                              3.Tirtary air ducts: high strength alkali resistant bricks, alkali resistant castable.

                              1. Grate cooler: high alumina castable, alkali resistant castable, stripping resistant high alumina brick, SiC composite brick, ordinary high alumina brick, chamotte brick.
                              2. Kiln hood: anti-flaking high alumina brick, ordinary high alumina brick, high alumina castable.
                              3. Burner: high alumina castable, corundum castable.
                              4. Rotary kiln front hood: corundum castable, steel fiber high alumina castable, alkali resistant brick, SiC composite brick
                              5. Lower transition zone: alkaline brick, anti-flaking high alumina brick.
                              6. Sintering zone: basic brick, high quality phosphate high alumina brick.
                              7. Upper transition zone: alkaline brick, anti-flaking high alumina brick.
                              8. Decomposition zone: alkaline brick, high quality phosphate high alumina brick, anti stripping high alumina brick.
                              9. Pre heating zone: Flaking resistant high alumina brick, phosphate high alumina brick, alkali resistant insulating brick, alkali resistant chamotte brick.
                              10. Rear kiln inlet: high alumina castable.

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                                Runner Bricks

                                Runner Bricks Description

                                Runner brick refers to a hollow refractory brick which is masoned at the groove of bottom plate for ingot casting. Its function is connecting king brick and steel ingot mold, so molten steel or iron can be transported into corresponding molds and casted into different shapes.  Runner bricks are rectangular special shaped firebricks with many specifications and dimensions. Commonly used runner bricks are clay runner bricks and  high alumina bricks. To reduce the friction during the flow of molten steel and prevent steel leakage, the inner wall of the runner brick should be smooth, with tight joint. Based on steel species, output and craft requirement, runner bricks can be divided into central hole king bricks, double holes king bricks, 3 holes king bricks, 4 holes runner bricks, tail bricks and so on.

                                Runner Bricks Characteristics

                                Widely used in various types of steel casting (including stainless steel and different kinds of alloy steels).

                                High refractoriness, good cracking resistance and strong corrosion resistance.

                                Regular and intact shape, smooth inner hole, accurate size.

                                Good high temperature performance, scouring resistance, deformation resistance and spall resistance.

                                Runner Bricks Physiochemical Index

                                ItemClay runner brickHigh alumina runner brick
                                Al2O3 %≥ 42≥65
                                Fe2O3 %≤ 2.5≤2.5
                                Refractoriness ℃≥1680≥1780
                                Apparent Porosity(%)≤24≤25
                                 Bulk Density (g/cm3)≥2.20≥2.25
                                Cold Crushing Strength Mpa≥25≥45
                                Refractoriness under load ℃ (0.2Mpa)≥1390≥1450

                                Interaction Between Runner Brick And Molten Steel

                                With the increasing demand on steel quality, cleaning steel production is more and more popular. Generally speaking, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen, nitrogen and other non-metal impurities are the main factors affecting the purity of steel. There is a direct relationship between the refractory material used for steelmaking and the purity of steel.  Runner bricks are usually used in bottom casting method,  they contact with the molten metal directly and suffers severe scouring and chemical corrosion, which seriously affects the quality of the casted products. So the quality of runner bricks has great influence on the quality of cast steel.

                                RS brand clay runner bricks and high alumina bricks with good scouring resistance and erosion resistance are widely used by lots of customers. From numerous production experiences, they are proved to have better performance.

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                                  Copper Smelting Reverberator Refractories

                                  Copper Smelting Reverberator Description

                                  Copper concentrate ore smelting reverberator is rectangular, chamber type flame furnace, which adopts coal or heavy oil as fuel. The heat exchange of reverberator not only relies on flame reverberation, but also the radioactive heat transmission of furnace top, furnace wall and high temperature gases. The production process of reverberator is continuous, the smelting process takes place under oxidizing atmosphere and 1500~1550℃ temperature. Furnace slag is composed of iron, silicon, calcium and aluminum oxides. When the molten slag splashes on furnace wall and furnace top refractory masonry, the refractory materials will suffer corrosion and damage. The highest temperature in the reverberator is at furnace top, can reach to 1800℃. Refractory materials for this place should have high refractoriness under load temperature, good thermal shock resistance, high bulk density, small linear change rate and good slag corrosion resistance.

                                  Copper Smelting Reverberator Refractories

                                  The reverberator bottom mainly adopts sintered integral bottom, magnesia iron ramming mix are usually used as sintering layer material. Magnesia iron ramming mix are made from magnesia sand, iron oxide powder and brine.

                                  Magnesia Iron Ramming Mass Index

                                  ItemComponentRatioGranularity/mmNote
                                  Magnesia sandMgO78 %Coarse sand:3~6mm; Middle sand: 1~3mm; fine sand 0~1mmShould be dried ath 120℃~150℃ before using.
                                  CaO<3.5%
                                  SiO2<5%
                                  H2O<0.5%
                                  Iron oxideFeO+Fe2O3>95%0.147~0.104Melting point lower than 1400℃, dried at 120~150℃
                                  SiO2<4%
                                  brineDensity between 1.3~1.4g/ml

                                  The furnace wall of copper smelting reverberator are usually built by magnesia bricks, magnesia alumina bricks which have good corrosion resistance, thermal impact resistance. At some important parts such as powder coal combustor surrounding and converter slag entrance and so on, chrome magnesia bricks are used to prolong the service life. Large scale copper smelting reverberator usually adopts hanging type furnace top, made from magnesia alumina bricks. 

                                  Furnace top and vault are usually built by silica brick, magnesia alumina bricks, direct bonded magnesia chrome bricks, phosphate bonded magnesia chrome bricks. Furnace wall is built by sintered magnesia bricks, magnesia chrome bricks, chrome magnesia bricks, magnesia alumina bricks.

                                  Furnace bed is usually constructed by lightweight clay bricks, sintered magnesia bricks, magnesia ramming mix.

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